The Swiss and Swedish Camp

A surreal European military enclave two metres from North Korea

Posters remind Swedish and Swiss soldiers of home in the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission Camp mess (October, 2024).

The most curious place along the border is certainly the Swiss and Swedish Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission (NNSC) camp at Panmunjom, right in the heart of the DMZ and adjoining North Korea.

Established by the 1953 Armistice Agreement, the NNSC originally had four member states: two nominated by North Korea and two by the United Nations Command (UNC), from among the countries that did not take part in the Korean War.

North Korea chose Czechoslovakia and Poland, at the time members of the Eastern bloc. The UNC chose Sweden and Switzerland.

The NNSC's mission is to ensure that the armistice agreement is respected by both parties. This includes inspection of observation and guard posts, the observation of military exercises, and investigations into ceasefire violations.

Initially, one of its crucial missions was to ensure that no military reinforcements arrived on the Korean peninsula. To do this, it had fixed inspection posts at Korean ports and ten mobile teams. But from the outset, doubts were raised by the UNC, the Swiss and the Swedes about the balanced application of controls between North and South. In 1956, the UNC required that the NNSC inspectors be removed from South Korea, as the U.S. believed North Korea was being rearmed avoiding NNSC inspection. North Korea removed the inspectors on its side in the following days. The following year, the United States declared that it no longer considered itself bound by the provisions of the armistice agreement prohibiting the introduction of new weapons into the Korean peninsula. The NNSC had lost its main remit.

A delegation of Swiss and Korean business people visits the NNSC Camp (October, 2024).

The members designated by North Korea were stationed in a camp located north of the military demarcation line. Those designated by the United Nations Command set up camp just to the south, where they remain today. Under the terms of the armistice agreement, the commission was supposed to hold a meeting every day in one of the barracks spanning the demarcation line in Panmunjom.

After the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989 and the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993, North Korea believed the NNSC had lost its neutrality. It expelled the Czech component in 1993 and, the following year, considered the commission dissolved. Poland expressed its intention to stay but eventually left in 1995, after the North Koreans cut off the water and electricity to its camp.

Direct view of the North Korean border from the swiss house lounge (October, 2024).

Switzerland and Sweden each maintain five officers in the NNSC. Poland remains a formal member of the commission and its delegates travel to South Korea several times a year to attend meetings, although they can no longer observe troop movements in North Korea.

A Military Demarcation Line (MDL) marker, behind the NNSC Camp’s fence (October, 2024).

The Swedish and Swiss delegations, whose members are unarmed, continue to monitor South Korean and US troop movements and to hold meetings in their hut at the JSA. The Commission writes reports and slips them into a letterbox near the door leading to North Korea, who hasn't picked up the mail since 1995.

Until 2014, the Swiss and Swedish military would leave the northern door of the hut open when a report was ready, inviting the North Koreans to come and collect it, but stopped doing so after North Korea deemed it an “offensive gesture”.

The special feature of the Swiss and Swedish camp is that it is located right on the border. One of the rusty signs marking the military demarcation line can be seen behind the fence erected by NNSC soldiers to protect their home from potential North Korean intruders - and from the wild animals that swarm in the DMZ.

A Swiss officer shows the blue footbridge linking the NNSC Camp and the JSA (October, 2024).

To get to meetings in the JSA, NNSC members take the famous blue footbridge, where North Korean leader Kim Jong Un and South Korean President Moon Jae-in walked together during the historic inter-Korean summit on 27 April 2018. This bridge bearing the colour of the United Nations runs alongside the demarcation line and a North Korean guard post.

The Panmunjom camp is not open to tourists and is only accessible to official delegations. The NNSC maintains a museum in Camp Greaves, that can be visited by anyone from Imjingak via the “Peace Gondola”.

North Korean military facilities, seen from the NNSC Camp (October, 2024).